Adamantinoma

An Adamantinoma is a rare slow growing type of cancerous bone tumor that occurs most often in boys and young men, most frequently found in the shin bone, and jaw bone.

Alpha Thalassemia

Alpha thalassemia is an abnormality in the production of alpha chains which causes the red cells to more easily breakdown.

Anemia

Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues.

Angiofibroma

An angiofibroma is a rare benign tumor that occurs most frequently in young boys/adolescents, and grows in the nasal cavity.

Aplastic Anemia (AA)

When the bone marrow doesn’t produce enough blood cells, this condition is known as aplastic anemia.

Astrocytoma

An Astrocytoma is a form of brain tumor that develops in the cells that form the supportive tissue of the brain.

Benign and malignant head and neck tumors

Head and neck growths, tumors or masses in children are usually non-cancerous, but can spread to other parts of the body.

Beta Thalassemia

Beta thalassemia impacts two different types of genes. When these genes are damaged or missing, it can cause beta thalassemia.

Bone Tumors and Cysts

Bone tumors and cysts are abnormal growths that can occur in the bones.

Cardiac Tumor

If an abnormal tissue grows in the heart it is known as a primary cardiac tumor.

Chondroblastoma

Chondroblastoma is a rare type of cartilage-producing benign tumor in children that often occurs in the ends of the long bones of the arms and legs.

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

CGD is the disorder that develops when phagocytes (one of the body's blood cells) doen't function properly.

Congenital Anemia

Congenital anemia, including Fanconi anemia, is a group of inherited diseases that affect the bone marrow, decreasing production of all types of blood cells.

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is cancer that impacts the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck. The most common types of thyroid cancers are known as differentiated thyroid cancers.

Dyskeratosis congenita

Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare form of bone marrow failure, with associated skin/nail abnormalities, and thickened white patches in the mouth.

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor of young adults that starts in the cells lining the blood vessels of soft-tissue, bone and body organs- commonly the liver, lungs and bone.

Fanconi Anemia

Fanconi anemia is a rare inherited disorder that involves a wide spectrum of abnormalities involving bone, ears, kidneys, other physical abnormalities. Some of the patients may develop bone marrow failure or leukemia.

Germinoma of the Central Nervous system

A germinoma is a rare form of cancer that is most often found in the brain of children between the ages of 10 and 19 years.

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme are high-grade 1V, aggressively growing, cancerous glial tumors which infiltrate into healthy adjacent brain tissue, frequently occurring in both boys and girls aged 5-10 years.

Glioma

Glioma is a form of cancer that develops from glial cells of the brain - those cells which support and nourish the neurons.

Hemangiopericytoma

A hemangiopericytoma is a very rare soft tissue mass due to overgrowth of capillaries that is almost always benign.

Hemoglobin E

Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood that carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. One abnormal form of hemoglobin is known as hemoglobin E.

Hemolytic Anemia

Anemia is a disorder in which the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells. Hemolysis is a method whereby red blood cells are broken down and destroyed.

Hemolytic Disease

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a condition that occurs when a mother’s blood type is not compatible with her unborn fetus.

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

The disease is an extreme example of immune system dysfunction, where the body’s own immune system begins to attack important tissues and organs such as the brain, liver and bone marrow.

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a medical condition in which children bleed longer than normal because their blood doesn't clot properly due to a lack of the proteins known as clotting factors.

Hepatoblastoma

A hepatoblastoma is a rare tumor that grows from the cells of the liver.

Hgb C Disease

Hemoglobin C can cause red blood cells to break down earlier than normal, which leads to anemia.

Hgb E Disease

Hgb E disease is a mild disorder, and people who have it may have no symptoms or mild anemia.

Hgb H Disease

Hemoglobin H disease is a form of alpha thalassemia, a medical condition in which the body makes less hemoglobin than usual.

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

The name of the disease can be translated to purple low platelet count of unknown cause.

Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Immune deficiency syndrome refers to a broad range of medical disorders that prevent your body from protecting itself from illnesses such as viruses and bacteria. There are a number of different types of congenital and acquired immune deficiency syndromes that can impact the body in a variety of ways.

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

When a baby has trouble digesting certain foods and turning them into energy, it could be due to inborn errors of metabolism.

Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome

Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a disease that is known for causing polyps different areas of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the colon. Polyps are clusters of cells that form on the lining of the GI tract.

Kostmann’s Syndrome

Kostmann's syndrome is a disease of the bone marrow where children are born without a type of white blood cell which are normally used to fight infection.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of children in which a certain immature normal white blood type grows uncontrollably.

Leukemia

There are several types of Leukemia. Some of the most common types are AML and ALL. A rare form of leukemia known as CLL can also affect children.

Liver Tumors

Liver tumors are abnormal growths within the liver that can be either benign or cancerous.

Lymphomas

Lymphomas are a type of cancer involving lymphocytes, which are cells within the immune system that help the body fight off infections.

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare form of cancer in children known as a soft tissue sarcoma. These are tumors that affect muscle, bone or cartilage, or tissues that support/connect other organs.

Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor

A malignant rhabdoid tumor is a rare fast growing childhood cancer that commonly occurs in infants and young children.

Medullary Thyroid Cancer

MTC is a form of cancer that originates in a particular cell in the thyroid gland that secretes a hormone which plays an important role regulating calcium levels in the body.

Medulloblastoma

Of cancerous brain tumors that can affect children, medulloblastoma is the most common. They represent about 20 percent if childhood brain tumors, particularly in children between the ages of 3 and 8 years, with boys affected more than girls.

Megaloblastic Anemia

Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia where the bone marrow produces fewer and abnormally large, oval shaped red blood cells, with underdeveloped inside contents.

Melanoma

Melanocytes are the cells in the body’s skin that produce melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its color. When cancer develops in the melanocytes, it is known as melanoma.

Metabolic Storage Diseases

Metabolic storage diseases are a fairly large group of rare genetic inherited disorders in which specific enzymes of a child's cell are insufficient. Enzymes help break down certain materials within the cell for proper cell function.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is referred to a group of different types of cancer. But they all impact the bone marrow and prevent it from developing mature, healthy blood cells.

Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a form of cancer that primarily affects children. Among infants, it ranks as the most common form of cancer. It usually occurs in the adrenal glands above the kidneys, but can also start anyway along the nerves in the back.

Neurofibrosarcoma

Neurofibrosarcoma is a rare type of malignant cancer in children that develops in the cells of the sheath of the arms and legs, spreading along the nerves.

Ocular Tumors

Ocular tumors are any type of tumor that impacts the eyeball or the surrounding area. They can be benign or malignant.

Odontogenic Tumors

Odontogenic tumor is the medical term for a growth or cyst that affects the jaw.

Osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis keeps building up bone without the ability to remove the excess. Therefore people with the condition have bones that are very dense and more likely to fracture than normal bones.

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is a very common type of bone cancer that affects older children and adolescents. It usually starts in the areas of long bones that are still growing, like at the ends of the thigh, shin or upper arm.

Palatal Tumors

The palate is another word for the roof of the mouth. When abnormal growths of cells known as tumors impact the palate, these are commonly known as palatal tumors.

Platelet Function Disorders

A blood disorder in which a child has less than the normal number of platelets, or a normal number of platelets than don't function properly.

Polycythemia

Polycythemia is a rare and serious blood disease that causes the bone marrow to produce too many red blood cells to circulate in the blood stream.

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET)

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are a group of cancers that start in nerve cells formed in the fetus during early development that haven't developed the way they should have.

Rare Bleeding Disorders

Rare bleeding disorders refer to many uncommon types of medical conditions that impact the body’s ability to stop bleeding, or clot blood properly.

Red Blood Cell Disorders

Red blood cells are the component of blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. There are a large number of hereditary and acquired disorders that affect the production, number, shape, hemoglobin content and friability of red blood cells.

Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome

Rhabdoid tumors are abnormal growths that frequently affect the brain, kidneys or spinal cord, among other parts of the body.

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

A sacrococcygeal teratoma is a tumor containing a number of different tissues (fat, bone, nerves etc.) that is present at birth in the tailbone of the newborn baby.

Sarcomas

Sarcomas are rare kinds of cancers that affect the body’s soft tissues. They are given different names depending on the type of cell or tissue involved including muscles, tendons, bone, fat, etc.

Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rare complex disorder that affects a child's bone marrow, pancreas, bones, and sometimes other parts of the body.

Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease is a group of familial red blood cell disorders. Sickle cell disease causes the red blood cells to be oddly shaped, and have difficulty flowing through the blood vessels properly which causes them to break up easily resulting in anemia and damage to the organs.

Spinal Cord Tumors

A tumor that grows in the tissues around, or spreads from a different site to the spinal cord region, it is known as a spinal cord tumor.

Teratoma

A teratoma is a fairly common congenital type of solid tumor that contains normal looking tissues like hair, teeth and bone (and very rarely whole organs).

Testicular Tumors

Testicular tumors are growths on the testicle. They occur in infant boys, or after boys enter puberty.

Thalassemia

Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body produces hemoglobin that doesn’t function properly.

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is the condition where there is a low platelet count and this results in bleeding because the blood doesn't clot properly.

Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius Syndrome

TAR syndrome is a rare disorder present at birth that is characterized by the absence of a bone called the radius in both forearms, as well as thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) and short stature.

Thrombophilia

Thrombophilia is an abnormality of the normal blood clotting mechanisms. This increases the chance of blood vessels clotting anywhere in the body.

Thyroid Disorders

Please see Thyroid Nodules for further information.

Vascular Anomalies

Vascular anomalies is a broad term that refers to blood vessels or lymphatic vessels that grow or form in unusual way. Many birthmarks are due to vascular anomalies, but they can occur for other reasons, as well.

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding

When there is a lack of Vitamin k blood doesn't clot and bleeding results.

White Blood Cell Disorders

White blood cells (also called leukocytes) are the cells in your blood that help your body fight off infection.

Wilms’ Tumor

Wilm's tumor is a rare type of cancer that starts in the kidney and occurs most often in children ages 3 or 4.

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the immune system and the blood coagulation system.