Capillary Malformations
Also known as: port-wine stain.
What are capillary malformations?
A capillary malformation is a flat, sharply defined small or large pink, red or purple birthmark (also called a port-wine stain), consisting of small blood vessels that may be found anywhere on the body, but most frequently on the head/neck area. They may grow in size and thicken as the child grows.
What causes capillary malformations?
It appears that a genetic mutation is responsible for the abnormal capillary development. They are not related to any environmental exposure or medication taken during pregnancy.
What are the symptoms of capillary malformations?
Most capillary malformations are identified by their appearance. Depending on their position, some capillary malformations may be associated with abnormalities of the eye, brain or spine.
What are capillary malformation care options?
Many capillary malformations require no treatment, however they will not disappear on their own. Laser therapy or surgical removal are the usual treatments for capillary malformations. Recurrences may occur.
Reviewed by: Jack Wolfsdorf, MD, FAAP
This page was last updated on: September 16, 2025 12:17 PM
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