Thalassemia
Also known as: alpha-thalassemia, beta-thalassemia.
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body produces hemoglobin that doesn’t function properly.
Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen throughout the body. Most of the protein is in red blood cells and it gives the cells and the blood, its red color. In thalassemia, the abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to be deformed so they are destroyed easily. This process is called hemolysis and leads to anemia because of poor production and increased cell destruction.
What causes thalassemia?
Thalassemia is an inherited disorder, meaning, it is passed down from parents to children.
What are the symptoms of thalassemia?
Symptoms of thalassemia can include:
- jaundice
- paleness
- poor appetite
- trouble with growth
- fussiness
- frequent infections
- enlarged liver and spleen
Other complications include gall stones and later iron overload in the liver, skin and heart.
What are thalassemia care options?
Supportive care for children with thalassemia often comes in the form of regular blood transfusions, and folate supplements. A bone marrow transplant is the only cure for those patients, as long as it is done early in life, before development of complications.
Reviewed by: Kamar Godder, MD
This page was last updated on: 3/4/2026 2:53:18 PM
Cancer & Blood Disorders Institute
The Helen & Jacob Shaham Cancer Blood Disorders Institute at Nicklaus Children's Hospital is transforming pediatric cancer care to make sure no child has to leave Florida for leading-edge cancer treatment. Our specialists provide state-of-the-art medical and surgical care for more pediatric cancer patients than any other facility in South Florida, leading the way through investments in groundbreaking research focused on new cures, treatments and diagnostic procedures.
Learn MoreUse the symptom checker tool to check how serious your symptoms are, if a healthcare visit is needed, and what steps you can take to relieve your symptoms at home.